)an external locus of control. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human: genetic mutations.. What do psychologists who study evolution search for? They have found that people worldwide spend an average of four hours a day on enhancing their beauty. The company buys debt securities, intending to profit from short-term differences in price and maintaining them in an active trading portfolio. ", Personality inventories are to _______________ as projective tests are to _______________. a. )avoidant personality disorder. a. )disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, Which of the following is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5? b. Forty-six chromosomes are located within every human: Genes form templates for the production of: The human genome has about 3 billion pairs of: Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted: The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits which have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of: If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. )group polarization. )The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) c.)foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c.)resilience. a. )Freud; Billie Joe Armstrong C) people are the most romantically attracted to those who are the most genetically dissimilar to themselves. a. Children's English accents are more likely to be influenced by their ________ than by their ________. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human, Two plants are grown under the same environmental conditions, including the same soil conditions and the same amount of light and water, but one grows to 2 feet tall and the other is 1 foot tall. Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to: a) gender schemas. )observational learning. This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of, A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's, Research on brain development suggests that repeated learning experiences seem to, a. strengthen neural connections at the location that processes the experiences, Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. a. This best illustrates the dangers of: According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious: Incorrect natural selection. Annest is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Wang has violated her. c. c.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. )posttraumatic stress disorder The value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is in part due to the effectiveness of Evolutionary theorists assert that gender differences in spatial abilities reflect the division of labour in ancestral hunting and gathering societies in which males typically handled the hunting and females the gathering. b. d.)fundamental attribution error. The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with: d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. B) children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by theirstepfathers. )the reality principle; the pleasure principle, According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____, whereas the id is guided by the _____. Self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. d.)evolution. According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to overconsume fatty junk foods illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted the ________ of our ancestors. a. humanistic psychology, a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists. )nicotine can temporarily increase serotonin, a neurotransmitter overabundant in people with depression. Which of the following is NOT a reason for Gwen to be in this situation? c.)Jose, who has a catatonia Identifying the specific genes that contribute to alcoholism would be of most direct interest to: The impact of genes on observable traits can vary in different environments. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from: b. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? d.)psychoanalytic, a. )foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b. a. b.)types. )automatic mimicry. c.)physical exercise. b. C) underestimating gender differences in mate selection. d.)striving for superiority. At about age 11 in girls and age 13 in boys, a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of: c.)seek healthy-looking mates. c.)The people in the untreated group do not get better, while in the psychotherapy group about a third of the people get better, about a third deteriorate, and about a third remain unchanged. a. b. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Since the beginnings of philosophical thought, the question of the nature and origin of pain has developed. b. a. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from a seasonal pattern of depression symptoms? )length of time the client spends in psychotherapy. Monogamy (/ m n m i / m-NOG--mee) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. sperm or eggs. a. b. b. e. cognitive psychology the study of the mental processes involved in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, communicating, and solving problems. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted a. reproductive success. b. The theory of evolution was originally presented by Charles Darwin. A person's temperament is best illustrated by his or her characteristic level of, Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and fearless. The tragic decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger resulted in part from the minimal expression of dissenting views among NASA personnel and advisors. A sense of being separated from one's own body and watching oneself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of: c.)interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors. c.)harmony. When researchers combine and summarize the results of studies using this strategy, what overall conclusions emerge? Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human reproductive success. b. d.)empathy. d.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. Marla's sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of b. c.)delusional thinking. c.)social phobia He has let a number of bills go unpaid and is sleeping 12-14 hours a day. a. For instance, evolutionary psychologists hypothesize that men may be more prone to casual sex because it benefits their ability to pass on genes. \text{M\&D Corporation bonds}& \$1,460,000\\ identical or fraternal. d.)social facilitation. )"objectivity does not guarantee validity", You are an expert witness for the defense results of the MMPI. c.)hallucinations. )thematic apperception a. )generalized anxiety disorder. d.)molecular geneticist. )more; less genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. a. d.)validity; standardization. a. He has a very difficult time reading the facial expressions of others and reading the state of mind of those who talk to him. \hline & \boldsymbol{B}_1 & \boldsymbol{B}_2 & \boldsymbol{B}_3 & \boldsymbol{B}_4 \\ c.)genuineness. Although Wendy is genetically male, she dresses in women's clothes in order to express her strong sense of identity as a female. b. Incorrect psychotherapy. providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors. c.)children are more likely to be safely cared for by their biological fathers than by their stepfathers. b. Which of the following fictional research findings is the best evidence against the idea that "our lives are determined by our experiences"? Evolutionary psychologists are most directly concerned with the impact of ________ on behavior. d.)your personality traits. Significant dieting with significant weight loss of more than 15 percent of one's normal body weight is common in individuals with: frontal lobes d.)are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. d.)nicotine can temporarily decrease norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter overabundant in people with depression. See Page 1. His absence of appropriate behavior is known as: Consciousness is Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that A) more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. a. Nov. 1. a.)self-concept. Key Words: Notes: 4. d.)client-centered therapy. Immediately you yell out "Crazy driver!" It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because they are naturally attracted to female features associated with youthful fertility. c. What is the probability that AcA^cAc and B4B_4B4 occur? a. . b. Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. d.)gender schema theorists. b.)genome. b. d.)genital, d.)is the part of the unconscious mind that reflects human evolutionary history and is common to all people. This school of thought emphasize that evolution has influenced humans to provide a mating advantage through processes of natural and sexual selection. c.)progressive relaxation. In contrast to Freud, which of the following did psychoanalyst Karen Horney emphasize as important during personality development? The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia. d.)psychological disorder, Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ____________ test. d.)moral principle; pleasure principle, Alex is an 8-year-old who plays almost exclusively with the other boys at his grade school. b. )persistent depressive disorder. a. c.)transgender. a.)transference. It is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having: )loss of appetite, especially for high-calorie foods b. Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical perspective that can explain why humans think in the ways we do, how we respond, and how we change and develop. d.)interpersonal psychotherapy. nature and nurture. 564 The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suitedto a particular environment is . In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. a. Males' superiority on most spatial tasks has been attributed to the adaptive demands of hunting. Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. This is caused by: The stability of personality during adulthood is best evaluated by: )Shanghai )gives rise to two personality types, the introvert and the extravert. b. )the id d.)major depressive disorder. Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are: )Psychosurgery d. reproductive success. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that: amygdala )2 weeks The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. As Kevin matures, he will probably develop a, d. higher level of intelligence than that of his biological father. c.)United States a. Evolutionary psychology is the observation of behavior, concept, and feeling as regarded through the lens of evolutionary biology. a. b.)depression. B) describe how experimental hypotheses were derived from basic psychological principles. b.)glutamate. a. c.)cognitive dissonance phenomenon. b.)deindividuation. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude? a. Dr. Miller is most likely a (n): a) evolutionary psychologist. a. a. c.)hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship. )binge eating an purging by self-induced vomitting, Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. )a flat affect A basic element of all effective psychotherapies is the: )have hindered human reproduction. Parents should not take too much blame for the failures and shortcomings of their children because: d. parental behavior is only one of many factors that influence children's behavior, Those who inappropriately attribute children's troubling personality traits to inadequate parental nurture should be reminded of the importance of, Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. b. b. a. c.)systematic desensitization. a. the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. d.)A paper-and-pencil. As group leaders, women are ________ likely than men to promote a democratic leadership style. b. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Jack's motivation to, Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for, Evolutionary psychology would probably have the most difficulty accounting for, c. differences in the sexual behavior patterns of Americans and Russians, Twin studies are of most direct concern to. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for: )None of these would be an explanation for why your friend yelled at you. d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of: Which of the following pairings can be most easily explained by evolutionary psychology? genomes. An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called a: The thread-like structures that contain genes are called: ______________ develop from a single fertilized egg, whereas ______________ develop from separate fertilized eggs. When scientists compared the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment with the brains of rats raised in an impoverished environment, the rats raised in an enriched environment had: