It was revealed that they would curtsy or salute whenever their relatives appeared on television. It became clear shortly after Alexandrine's birth that she was affected with Down syndrome. A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth This material may not be reproduced without permission. In 1963, the two were declared dead. How to help your child develop resilience, 8 everyday foods you might not realise are ultra processed and how to spot them, Yakuza battle Chinese gangs for control of Japan's criminal underworld, Vitamins and supplements: what you need to know before taking them, Former Twitter exec moves to Peloton to be its new chief people officer, Samsung Biologics, Pfizer sign $183M CMO deal, UK Navy seizes missiles, equipment in raid on boat travelling from Iran, Marks & Spencer reveals pay hike for workers to help with rising cost of living, Metaverse: SK Telecom to launch ifland metaverse in US to expand global presence, US: Biden requests $1.6 billion in funding to address COVID fraud, US approves sale of $619 million in arms to Taiwan as Chinese planes make incursion, UK: MI5 chief apologizes for failure to prevent Manchester concert bombing following public probe, General Motors reducing costs by laying off 500 employees, KT, Intel launching worlds first Wi-Fi 7 via partnership deal. Our bodies are made up of trillions of cells. Read full article. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/royal-hug-puts-down-syndrome-in-the-spotlight/10396262, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Australia's biggest drug bust: $1 billion worth of cocaine linked to Mexican cartel intercepted, Four in hospital after terrifying home invasion by gang armed with machetes, knives, hammer, 'We have got the balance right': PM gives Greens' super demands short shrift, Crowd laughs as Russia's foreign minister claims Ukraine war 'was launched against us', The tense, 10-minute meeting that left Russia's chief diplomat smoking outside in the blazing sun, 'Celebrity leaders': Mike Pompeo, Nikki Haley take veiled jabs at Donald Trump in CPAC remarks, Hong Kong court convicts three members of Tiananmen vigil group for security offence, as publisher behind Xi biography released, 'How dare they': Possum Magic author hits out at 'ridiculous' Roald Dahl edits, Vanuatu hit by two cyclones and twin earthquakes in two days, Rare sighting of bird 'like Beyonce, Prince and Elvis all turning up at once', Emily was studying law when she had to go to court. ", And the Duke of Duchess and Cambridge said: "We are all delighted by the happy news of the arrival of baby Lili.". Sign up and stay up to date with our daily newsletter. "He cries. Meghan Markle confirmed the news of another ginger in the royal family today. Here are seven facts about the royal newborn's astrology. A womans risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome increases after 35 years of age. Down syndrome happens when a child's cells end up with 47 chromosomes in them instead of the usual 46. Follow. These are people that I really put my faith in and I trusted them.". Down syndrome (sometimes called Down's syndrome) is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome hence its other name, trisomy 21. It means Prince Andrew, who was born as second in line in 1960, moves down to ninth place. Congratulations to my brave friend and her lovely family!". "Xavier's funny. Princess Alexandrine Irene of Prussia (7 April 1915 - 2 October 1980) was the oldest daughter and fifth child of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, and Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.Her grandparents were Wilhelm II, German Emperor and his wife Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, and Frederick Francis III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia. Sperms and eggs are the only cells on the planet with only 23 chromosomes, which means they have no cell division. Who does Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor look like? . The Suits alum, 40, shared this . Small, rounded, low-set ears. It was criticized for sanitation problems and overcrowding, with nurses and relatives of patients recalling an understaffed ward of forty patients cared for by just two nurses. Diagnostic tests that can identify Down syndrome include: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Can you tell if a baby has Down syndrome in an ultrasound? Ed Sheeran's emotional reunion with Shane Warne's children, He was the ultimate cricket legend, but to his three kids Shane Warne was just Dad, Where you can watch the Emmy award-winning drama Succession in Australia, Delta Goodrem's new starring role sees her make a return to acting. Throw in mental illness, and its over. I can see him on the back and he's got his arms out and he's going 'Woooo!' Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. According to the NHS, women who get pregnant beyond the age of 35 face higher risks of a stillbirth and for their baby to have Downs Syndrome. There are many questions that have arisen as a result of Harry and Meghans decision to give up their HRH titles. These creatures, after fertilization, develop into adults. Meghan and Harry welcomed their first child, son Archie Harrison, in May 2019. Despite the constant questions, Ms Martin continued with her pregnancy and now has a two and a half-year-old "absolute champion of a little boy". We cover local and national news stories that are relevant to the United States and the Leicester area. After learning that her nieces were, in fact, alive, the Queen Mother sent them a check, which was used to purchase candy and toys, but she did not visit her nieces, nor did she correct the public record in Burkes Peerage. "She is more than we could have ever imagined, and we remain grateful for the love and prayers we've felt from across the globe. The cause of Down syndrome can be attributed to gene variation rather than gene quality. Adrienne Westenfeld is the Books and Fiction Editor at Esquire, where she oversees books coverage, edits fiction, and curates the Esquire Book Club. In November, Meghan revealed she had a miscarriage several months earlier, writing about her "almost unbearable grief" in a deeply personal article for the New York Times. Some women are thought to be carrying extra chromosomes in their eggs, which are more likely to be used at the end of their reproductive lives. During the first trimester, this combined method results in more effective or comparable detection rates than methods used during the second trimester. Small pinky fingers that sometimes curve toward the thumb In a Channel Four documentary titled The Queens Hidden Cousins, which aired in 2011, careworkers at Earlswood testified that, whenever members of the royal family appeared on television, the Bowes-Lyon sisters would stand up and salute or curtsy. ''Lilli is only one so she doesn't watch TV but Archie, he's loved Octonauts for a really long time,'' she told the publication. The royal baby was born in September 2021. People only saw Archie in pictures, and he surely cant pose for the camera yet. The Crown leans into the eugenics of it all, hypothesizing that the Queen Mother knowingly consigned her nieces to a terrible fate in the name of keeping the bloodline pure. Until a cure was found, blood transfusions were the only option. What are the chances of having a baby with Down syndrome? 6 of our favourite bags from the luxe new accessories label to know, The $5.99 secret behind Gwyneth Paltrows glowing skin, Wedding lists 2023: what every couple will be wishing for. The Duke and Duchess of Sussex have announced the birth of their second child, a baby girl. Some royal fans have concluded that Meghan Markle is upset over Archies issue with his eyes as she wants him to be A-OK, but then there is no official report that the toddler is indeed suffering from Strabismus or tropia. Get safe, private care from home. "This year has been crazy for everybody. "We are very concerned that women are not being given appropriate, balanced information both prior to screening and after receiving their results," Dr Skladzien said. In 1987, when The Sun broke the news that the supposedly dead sisters had been very much aliveand secretly institutionalizedall along, Harold Brooks-Baker, an editor at Burkes Peerage, was stunned to learn of the inaccuracy. Some people with Downs syndrome do not have an extra chromosome 21 (see regular trisomy 21 above), but they do have an extra chromosome 21 attached to a different chromosome. The gene pool of that family better have 100% purity. Since then, the couple shared his first image in a photocall in Windsor two days after his birth and have shared images of the infant on . They were greeted at the airport by. Immediately, fans were enthralled by his uncanny similarity to his mum, Meghan Markle. Researchers know that Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome, but no one knows for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role. As for the likelihood of Meghan passing the condition onto Lillibet and Archie, its not a dead cert, but it comes down to the genetic mutation of collagen the stuff that protects our joints and acts as a cushioning for them to move smoothly without pain. Yet financial records suggest that someone in the royal household knew of the sisters, as the royals annually sent 125 pounds for their care and keeping at Earlswood. October 19, 2018, 1:48 PM On Wednesday, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, visited Dubbo, Australia, as part of their royal tour. Brits were uniquely outraged by the details of Nerissas death in 1986, after which she was buried in a paupers grave at a funeral attended by only Earlswood staff members. The hereditary principle already hangs by such a precarious thread, the Queen Mother explains. Heres what the algorithm doesnt account for: Extra genetic material can also attach itself to chromosome 21 in the sperm. Older women have higher risks . Except for sperm and egg cells, all cells in the body contain 46 chromosomes (in 23 pairs). Grit or quit? Lady Elizabeth Anson, the granddaughter of Fenella Bowes-Lyon and the niece of Nerissa and Katherine Bowes-Lyon, disputed claims of a cover-up. 1800 100 500; Selikowitz, M, 2008, Down syndrome: The facts, Oxford University Press. This delicate age means Markle is having a geriatric pregnancy, and there are more risks for her and her baby. It is not normal to doubt the word of members of the royal family., The Queen Mother reportedly learned of the Bowes-Lyon sisters in 1982, having believed them dead until that year. Royal fans claimed that the 5-month-old has lazy eyes, and he probably got this from his dad. In 1963, the Bowes-Lyon family reported to Burkes Peerage, the guidebook to the British aristocracy, that both of the sisters had died, Nerissa in 1940 and Katherine in 1961. "Parents should know that research shows that 99 per cent of people with Down syndrome are happy with their lives and 97 per cent say they like who they are.". In one searing episode where Harry details his mental health struggles over the years. Follo. He's not even two yet," Meghan laughed. stories unfolding in the global economy. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle welcomed their first child, Archie Harrison Mountbatten Windsor, on 6 May 2019. PUBLISH holdings LLC . This is because of the way that Meghan and Harry have described him as "perfect" and "healthy." 1. A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease) Speak to a GP if you want to find out more. Archie was born in the United Kingdom in 2019, but he has spent a majority of his life in the United States. "This would result in every time I would go for an appointment, I would be asked if I was really sure. Copyright IBTimes 2023. Can two parents with Down syndrome have a normal baby? In CVS, cells are taken from the placenta and used to analyze the fetal chromosomes. The image shows Meghan lifting up Lilibet in a white dress seated alongside Harry, who has 2-year-old Archie in his lap. The older the mother, the higher the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome. Almond-shaped eyes that slant up He eats. "I had doctors say we can terminate past 20 weeks; we just need to involve doctors.". Queen Elizabeth II has been on the throne for 67 years, and in that time she has rarely been out of the public eye. The extra chromosome affects the way the child's brain and body develop, leading to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk for certain medical issues.. Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, affecting approximately 1 in every 700 . Physical characteristics of a child with Down syndrome (again according to the CDC) include: A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose Archie turned three in May 2022. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? Small ears Wishing them all well at this special time. The hearts of Brits everywhere went out to Katherineso much so that she received flowers from all over the nation. According to the theory, if her partner does not have Downs syndrome, a child born to her has a 50 percent chance of developing the condition. While it, Since her engagement to Prince Harry, Meghan Markle has been the subject of intense media scrutiny. Meghan Markle and Prince Harry 's 5-month-old daughter, Lilibet, has started teething. . Every cell of the body contains genes. We are a team of dedicated journalists and writers who strive to bring you the best news and stories from around the world. He is a cousin to Prince William . The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. But to have outdoor space where I can go for walks with Archie and we can go for walks as a family and with the dogs or have a hike or go down to the beach, which is so close," Harry reflected of the grounding impact his son has on him and their low-key lifestyle in Santa Barbara. He loves to watch the Wiggles and listen to rap music. He sleeps. The duchess has been praised for her modernity, her work to champion womens rights,. ", Archie also made a cameo during Harry and Meghan's explosive interview with Oprah Winfrey in March 2021, when the pair opened up on a wide-ranging of heartbreaking topics like the palaces', But there was some light amongst the darkness in the form of Harry and Meghan's son Archie and the fact he's set to become a. Shorter in height as children and adults, Only a doctor is qualified to diagnose whether a child has this condition, and any videos speculating about this have no proof. Back in the day, the siblings were regarded as imbeciles due to their inability to communicate. Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. . "That's what I like to think it's there for, but really it was just one big push towards termination.". Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. ", Bakhmut attacks still being repelled, says Ukraine, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, Alex Murdaugh jailed for life for double murder, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. This means the baby's cells have 47 chromosomes instead of 46, and this impacts physical and mental development. The three-year-old is a right royal cutie. Shock: Meghan confesses Lilibet has Down's syndrome, Queen immediately removed Lilibet from RoyalShare or comment on this article Thanks For Watching. Keep diabetes under control. Make sure you never miss a ROYAL story! Buckingham Palace declined to comment, calling the matter an issue for the Bowes-Lyon family. It also came to light that three other members of the Bowes-Lyon family with similar developmental disabilities were placed at Earlswood on the very same day as Katherine and Nerissa: their cousins, the three sisters Idonea, Etheldreda, and Rosemary Bowes-Lyon. He dances but he's more just like any other typical little child," she said. Dr. Fisch and his colleagues found that the rate of Down syndrome steadily increased with advancing paternal age for the maternal age group of 35 to 39 years. "When diversity is celebrated, rather than shunned, there are opportunities for individuals to shine and for fabulous moments like this one to be shared.". There are a few cases of Downs syndrome fathering children, but there have been few reports of it. An ultrasound can detect fluid at the back of a fetuss neck, which sometimes indicates Down syndrome. This makes it distinct from other genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease, which can be traced back to family members. 9 simple ways Meghan Markle stays fit and healthy, 7 royals who practise yoga to inspire you. In 1986, the Queen Mother became the patron of the Royal Society for Mentally Handicapped Children and Adults, which describes itself as the leading voice of learning disability.. Down syndrome is a life-long condition. She said some doctors provided good, balanced information but unfortunately this was not always the case. The mother of a child with Down syndrome explains the road to his diagnosis. But according to The Telegraph, the Queens cousins, Nerissa and Katherine Bowes-Lyons, who are the children of Queen Mothers older brother John and his wife Fenella, both suffered from severe mental issues. Locked up and neglected, Princess Margaret rages at her mother. The Crown Season Four revisits a painful part of Windsor family history. Misconception: People who have Down syndrome cannot have children. Heres what the algorithm doesnt account for: Extra genetic material can also attach itself to chromosome 21 in the sperm. All Rights Reserved. The publication also quoted an unnamed source who said, Even though Meghan was a non-royal, that didnt change the fact she had to get tested. This is more about pro-ethical diagnosis delivery, pro-support, pro-accurate and up-to-date information," she said. . Their daughter was born on Friday, 4 June and the news was announced on Sunday, 6 June. 2) Madeline Stuart. Both mother and child are healthy and well, the couple said in a statement. Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. In 1941, when Nerissa was 15 years old and Katherine was 22, they were sent from the family home in Scotland to Royal Earlswood Hospital at Redhill, Surrey, where they would live out the rest of their days. But like her older brother Archie, who was not entitled to a royal title when he was born, Lilibet would not be allowed to be a princess nor an HRH until the Queen dies and Prince Charles becomes king, under rules set down more than 100 years ago. Madeline Stuart is widely known as the first professional model with Down syndrome. .css-gk9meg{display:block;font-family:Lausanne,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-top:0.25rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-gk9meg:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}So, Which Band Inspired 'Daisy Jones & The Six'? However, others were suggesting that the toddler inherited this from his uncle Prince William. When should I put my baby in her own room? Some royal watchers have begun speculating that little Archie was actually born two weeks before his birth was actually announced. The claim appears to be a concerted attempt to get viewers to watch the entire video. Royal Children's Hospital Complex T21 Clinic; Down Syndrome Victoria Tel. We're creating multi dimensional, interesting, kind, creative people. ''It's amazing because he's getting into more throwback shows like The Magic School Bus, who wouldv'e though. Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are being rumored to have subjected their unborn child to a test to know if the baby has any disability before making an official announcement. In 1941, they were sent to the Royal Earlswood asylum when Nerissa was 22 and Katherine was 15. "This isn't about pro-choice or pro-life. Meghan and Harry have not yet commented on the speculation surrounding their sons health, but they have said that they are thrilled to be parents and that they couldnt be happier.. If Lillibet and Archie do end up with the same kind of condition, its not a major concern, rather it just means theyll have a bigger range of movement in their joints, so strengthening the surrounding muscles to keep everything stable is a must. All rights reserved, Queen Elizabeth II: From Active Monarch To Royal Figurehead, Meghan Markles Eye Makeup: The Key Is To Keep It Simple, The Different Path Elizabeth I Could Have Taken If She Married, Did Queen Elizabeth Ii Demand Harry Take A Dna Test, Meghan Markles Truthfulness Questioned By Friends And Colleagues, Exploring The Legality Of Pepper Spray Use In California, Understanding The Criminal Implications Of Making Threats In Illinois, The Legalities And Consequences Of Downloading Copyrighted Material, The Legalities Of Firing An Employee On FMLA Leave: What Employers Need To Know, The Legal Consequences Of Making False Or Misleading Claims: What You Need To Know, Exploring The Legal Implications Of Intimidating Someone For Guardianship, Is TPing Someones House Illegal? First trimester. Prince Harry and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex have released their 2021 Christmas card and their first picture of Lilibet, almost gave Archie a much more traditional royal name, TV interview with Ellen DeGeneres in 2021, Meghan, troubling concerns over Archie's skin colour, Prince Harry and older brother Prince William's fraught relationship. According to him, the "baby fever may well hit the royal family this year." . Your chance of having a baby with Downs syndrome increases as you get older, but anyone can have a baby with Downs syndrome. Ms Martin said she was left to do her own online research about Down syndrome, and was not even given a pamphlet. A womans chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division. The observation that he looks like the Duke of Cambridge was based on the photo where Princess Diana and the young Prince William posed for a photocall inside the palace. Every product was carefully curated by an Esquire editor. People even said that they could even be twins. Stay up to date with our daily newsletter, Prince Harry Reveals Spiritual Thing He Does That Meghan Loves, Meghan Markle Pays Tribute To Princess Diana By Wearing This, Before Fatal Collapse, Turkish Building Had Skirted Code Thanks To Erdogan Policy, BBC Tax Raids Shine Light On Indian Media Freedom Under Modi, Some Journalists Say, UN Chief Condemns Rich Countries 'Vicious' Tactics Against Poor, Austria Far-right Eyes Comeback Under New Hardline Leader, Actor Tom Sizemore, Known For Tough-guy Roles And Scandal, Dead At 61. Some rumors regarding the royals rely solely on sensational headlines, without any substance to back them up. The photo of Lilibet is the first time she has been . What's more, December 2022, a leaked photo shared to Twitter featuring Archie, looking exactly like his father Prince Harry as he sat Meghan's lap. Seokjin Yoon. This is, however, extremely rare. A broad, flat face with upward slanting eyes and a short nose. All rights reserved. Radar Online recently released an unconfirmed story about the Duchess of Sussex being forced to test her unborn child due to Queen Elizabeth IIs orders. October 16, 2019 11:28 AM EDT. When The Suns 1987 investigation broke news of the scandal, some interpreted the Queen Mothers failure to correct the public record and her timely patronage as evidence of a royal cover-up. This is because they said that Prince Harrys eyes were also like this when he was younger, but they are fine and look perfect now. The greatest increase, however, was seen in the maternal age group of 40 years and older with increasing paternal age. I was told that I would lose my job, my husband would leave me, which all really stuck with me. ''StoryBots is fantastic and I've become that mum when I'm sitting around with friends and I start singing like 'Tyrannasaurus that's the chorus, Tyrannasauurs Rex,'' she laughed. The message adds that anyone wishing to send gifts is asked to "support or learn more about" organisations working for women and girls. Is there a photo of lilibet Diana? A source told Us Weekly on Wednesday, June 9, that Lilibet, whose nickname is Lili, doesn't resemble one parent more than the other but is the perfect mix of both the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.. But she said it's Archie's favourite show that gets stuck in her head. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. The Queen's cousins, Katherine and Nerissa Bowes-Lyon, who each had a mental age of about three years old and never learned to talk in their lifetimes, were the third and fifth daughters of John . They determine how a baby's body forms and functions as it grows during pregnancy and after birth. by Alexandrine was known by the nickname of "Adini" within her family. The Duke and Duchess of Sussex issued the first photograph of their daughter Lilibet on their family holiday card on December 23, 2021, via email from the Archewell charity they co-founded in 2020. Genetic Tests Used to Identify People at Risk of Developing Heart Disease. The idea that one family alone has the automatic birthright to the crown is already so hard to justify. Some reports claim that Fenella Bowes-Lyon continued to visit her daughters until her death in 1966, but no official record exists of either sister ever receiving a family visit, nor did they ever receive birthday gifts, holiday gifts, or cards. A smaller-than-average head. Little Lili may have stolen the show in the snap, but Archie, dressed in jeans and a smart white shirt, was the spitting image of his red-headed dad. Sign up for daily updates for the most important Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter', Why half of India's urban women stay at home. Dr Skladzien said people with Down syndrome lived valuable and meaningful lives just like their peers. EconoTimes. Avoid harmful substances. The body is thought to contain approximately 1% of its genes in Chromosome 21. Jesinta Franklin breaks silence on health struggles post pregnancy, Read all the shocking leaked text messages from Married At First Sight Australia's contestants, Australian soldiers delighted by visit from Prince William and Princess Catherine, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle evicted from Frogmore Cottage by King Charles after Spare's release, Inside Sunrise presenter Edwina Bartholomew's storybook Sydney home, Johnny Ruffo says he's "powering through" as he shares a cancer update, The Project hosts open show with apology: "deeply and needlessly offensive", The activewear sets you'll never want to take off, Celebrities who died in 2023: All the stars we lost this year, EXCLUSIVE: Rene Geyer on her victories, her struggles and her loves in her final interview, How Princess Catherine's "life work" is leading the charge in a new wave for the British royals, Give your bedroom a makeover on a budget with these affordable linen sheets. Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex and Prince Harry are parents to Archie Harrison and Lillibet Diana Mountbatten-Windsor, and Meghan could pass on a unique health condition. Theyre your niecesdaughters of your favorite brother. ; Community Consultation Program - Provides technical assistance, training, and continuing education to schools, community and state agencies that provide services to children with learning and behavioral challenges. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Duncan Larcombe, former royal editor at the Sun, said he thought the name was "the most royal name you could give". In the piece, she said "despite the staggering commonality of [miscarriages], the conversation remains taboo, riddled with (unwarranted) shame" and went on to commend those who "bravely shared their stories", saying: "When one person speaks truth, it gives license for all of us to do the same.
John Smith Breakthrough Net Worth,
Crystal Smith Tate Mother And Father,
Articles R