In the span of only a few years, the United States had increased its size exponentially with the contentious annexation of Texas in 1845, the 1846 Oregon Treaty with Great Britain for half of the Oregon Country; and acquired California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming as a result of the Mexican-American War Please see attached document for assignments needed. Purchased from Mexico for $10 million. Shattuc, W. B. Kate Zernike, A Palin Joined Alaskan Third Party, Just Not Sarah Palin, New York Times , September 3, 2008. Treaty of Paris diss., University of Michigan, 2011); Peter Bacon Hales on atomic testing on the Bikini atoll in Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now (Chicago, IL, 2014), ch. It would be hard to disagree with the Wisconsin-School assertion that U.S. global power rests on foundations other than territorial control. Imperialism, 19151940 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2001); Laura Briggs, Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. ed. Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million; Statehood Bicknell, Edward. Or jump ahead to the 2008 presidential election, which pitted Barack Obama, a Hawaiian (born shortly after Hawaii became a state), against John McCain, a Zonian (i.e., born in the Panama Canal Zone), and Sarah Palin, the governor of Alaska. 16. I counted all non-review articles containing the words Philippine, Philippines, Filipino, or Filipinos in their titles. The Library of Congress has accepted an estimate of one million Filipino fatalities, which also circulates in the Philippines. Expansion . In the rest of the theater, it occurred on December 8th. Imperialism and the United States Alaska Hawaii Reasons United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence of the United States UNITED STATES 1898 1895 Ishorten L GUATEMAL CARAGUA Guam PANTALLA SOUTH AMERICA N Canal Fone Later L AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN IN 14 W 10 W IN W analyze this Document (notes) The promotion of Hawaii and Alaska to statehood can be seen as part of the global decolonization movement. For a comparable historiographical concept, see Gary Wilders notion of Greater France in The Imperial Nation-State: Negritude and Colonialism Humanism between the Two World Wars (Chicago, IL, 2005). Annexation | Teaching American History Treaty of Paris of 1783 following American The logo-map silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. A map of the territory acquired from Mexico including the annexation of Texas in 1845, California, Utah Territory, and New Mexico Territory in 1848, and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853.. Benedict Anderson called it the logo map. 13. To the story of the United States attempt to encompass Indians within its territorial framework should be added the story of the United States grappling with self-constituted Indian polities, on which see Brian DeLay, Indian Polities, Empire, and the History of American Foreign Relations, Diplomatic History 39, no. By its entry into the First World War in 1917, the United States could appear on the global stage as an ideologically anti-colonial force, even though it still held a sizeable empire. 11. 47. This was not just a war to defend the sovereignty of countries in Europe and Asia. in 1979, United Nations Trust Territory; self-governing as Northern But the second arc, concerning overseas territories, is regarded as less so. We can see, better than we could before, how the territorial extensions of the United States matter today, and how they have mattered in the past. It may be done because the neighboring urban areas seek municipal services or because a city seeks control over its suburbs or neighboring unincorporated areas. Oregon Territory. United States--Foreign relations, - The literature on U.S. empire is truly voluminous. 1845. This can be most clearly seen in the realm of the law. Dean Kohlhoff, When the Wind Was a River: Aleut Evacuation in World War II (Seattle, WA, 1995) and Jennifer Sepez, Christina Package, Patricia E. Malcolm, and Amanda Poole, Unalaska, Alaska: Memory and Denial in the Globalization of the Aleutian Landscape, Polar Geography 30 (2007): 193209. Growth of Imperialism Annexation by the United States - Cuban Studies Institute 9; Lauren B. Hirshbergs dissertation about Kwajalein island and neighboring Ebeye, Targeting Kwajalein: U.S. 18. Historians have rightly come to understand such sovereignty challenges as important components of U.S. history rather than as foreign episodes that lie outside the purview of the United States. Don't use plagiarized sources. (William B.) A detailed account, based on interviews with two of the shooters, is Manuel Roig-Franzia, A Terrorist in the House, Washington Post , February 22, 2004. There is a K-8 school named after him in Harlem: P.S. <>>> Our narratives register not only the black experience but, moreover, the ways in which the changing position of African Americans drove key episodes in national history. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. United States territorial acquisitions table - Wikipedia Discussion Board 5 12 37. (Lincoln, NE, 1984), esp. But historians have come to understand African-American history as central to U.S. history. 43. for $25 million; currently an organized, unincorporated U.S. territory under jurisdiction of Office of Insular Affairs of the Dept. Each franchise was licensed to operate within a . In 1857, the United States began annexing guano islandsuninhabited islands possessing valuable fertilizer. 2007-228. Chronological List of United States Expansion - Weber State University I prefer the term Greater United States, just so as to avoid confusion with Herbert E. Boltons influential notion of the Greater America, intended to encompass all of the Americas within a single analytical frame. 3. 5 In my home city of Chicago, there is a public high school named after him (with an adjoining family learning center for teen parents named after Lolita Lebrn, the chief shooter in the 1954 House shootings). Not only have we learned to tell the history of these places, but weve gone back and realized the importance of other small spaces: including Vieques, Baguio, Kwajalein, and the Bikini atoll. Jimmy M. Skaggs, The Great Guano Rush: Entrepreneurs and American Overseas Expansion (New York, 1994), 199. Adding Texas and Vermont to the pool yields an average time-to-statehood of 42 years. But he grew disillusioned and turned against the U.S. government, becoming, in the words of J. Edgar Hoover (who held him under surveillance for three decades), the guiding light of Puerto Rican nationalism. By then, it had reclaimed its Pacific colonies from Japan. Books appeared with intriguing titles: The Greater Republic (1899), The Greater United States (1904), and seven books whose titles contained the phrase Greater America published in the decade following the 1898 war. (To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country.) Mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. - statistics & facts U.S. It set the Philippines free. Not only was the occupation itself onerous, but the reconquest of those colonies by the United States was extraordinarily violent. Course Outcomes explored in this module: Lab Report 328 Includes note, list to poplulation by states, and a bar graph showing the National Publishing Company (Boston, Mass.). Hello, To speak only of formal acquisitions, . A helpful account of the Wisconsin School is Morgans Into New Territory . Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior, Annexed in settlement with Britain and Germany; 4. Anthony Rawlings (New York, 1971); Benjamn Torres, Marisa Rosado and Jos Manuel Torres Santiago, eds., Imagen de Pedro Albizu Campos (San Juan, 1973); Rosado, Pedro Albizu Campos ; Laura Meneses de Albizu Campos, Albizu Campos y la Independencia de Puerto Rico (San Juan, 2007); and Nelson A. Denis, War against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in Americas Colony (New York, 2015). Municipal annexation in the United States - Wikipedia Neil Smith, American Empire: Roosevelts Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization (Berkeley, CA, 2003), 16. The story of western expansion is, of course, well known. Now lets look at Entrepreneurial Leadership I jokingly describe this to my students as the Menacing Eagle School of History, after the many books in this vein whose covers depict eagles attacking the globe. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. For a very long time, in fact. 30. There is another aspect of the Second World War that deserves mention. See also Christina Duffy Burnett, The Edges of Empire and the Limits of Sovereignty: American Guano Islands, American Quarterly 57 (2005): 779803 and Gregory T. Cushman, Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World: A Global Ecological History (Cambridge, 2013). The revolt touched eight cities. . To this day, the drawer in the mahogany table used by the Republican leadership to address the House has a jagged hole in it. We razed sugar mills and factories. In the end, he concluded, there was nothing left. 35, Although the count of U.S. mainland lives lost in the Second World War is precise to the last digit, counts of the lives of colonized subjects lost are at best informed guesses. America Acquires Alaska Secretary of State William Seward arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia Showed U. S. Imperialism Also made it clear to the rest of the world that the U. S. was becoming a world power. The country claimed 94 such islands, nearly all in the Caribbean and Pacific, by 1903. Examine the map of US acquisitions and annexations. https://www.loc.gov/item/04014391/. All instructions are in the template file. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. Counting Negroes on the mainland, American Samoa, Hawai'i, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Alaska; nonwhites in Puerto Rico; Negro and Negro-mixed in the Panama Canal Zone; and no one in the Philippines and Guam (for which racial breakdowns were not incorporated into the U.S. census) places U.S. blacks at 8.85% of the population. With time, Indian Territory was whittled down to Oklahoma. Surely, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in the war. Acquisitions Incorporated was an adventuring company from the Sword Coast. [from old catalog] Created / Published Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. That is because they dramatically expose the gap between the logo map conception of the United States and the larger conception for which I am arguing. sovereign, self-governing republic, United Nations Trust Territory; in 1994 became a 23 In the past decade, Diplomatic History has dramatically increased its publishing on the Philippines, with an article every two or three years. On the Insular Cases and the legal questions of empire see especially Christina Duffy Burnett and Marshall Burke, eds., Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution (Durham, NC, 2001); Christina Duffy Burnett, Untied States: American Expansion and Territorial Deannexation, University of Chicago Law Review 72 (2005): 797879; Bartholomew H. Sparrow, The Insular Cases and the Emergence of American Empire (Lawrence, KS, 2006); Kal Raustiala, Does the Constitution Follow the Flag? 19. Congress officially annexed Alaska in 1884 America Acquires Alaska U. They appeared frequently at the front of atlases or as the main maps of the United States in textbooks. 4. Get Your Custom Essay on, United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence 11 Nearly thirteen percent of its populace lived in its overseas colonies. Most U.S. historians, especially when working on the zoomed-out, textbook level, implicitly take as their unit of analysis only a part of the United States, the contiguous part. See also Stacie L. Pettyjohn, U. S. Global Defense Posture, 17832001 (Santa Monica, CA, 2012). Thus, in these cases of partial annexation, I use 1803 as the start date for LA, MN, ND, SD, MT, OK, and WY; 1845 as the start date for CO and NM; and 1848 as the start date for AZ. 29, September 1, 1949, 3; American Samoa (16): American Samoa Statistical Digest (Pago Pago: 1994), 17; Guam and Micronesia (35 together): Hal Friedman, Creating an American Lake: United States Imperialism and Strategic Security in the Pacific Basin, 194547 (Westport, CT, 2001), 122; U.S. Purchase from Mexico following American-Mexican War; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. 26. Nationalism waxed, imperialism waned. On the same day that the Japanese struck Hawaii, they also attacked the Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Midway Island, and Howland Island, plus the British territories of Malaya and Hong Kong and the independent kingdom of Thailand. Title from title sheet. The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. U.S. Territorial Acquisitions This was a war, not over latitudes but points, in which particular spots on the mapthe Green Zone in Iraq, black-site prisons sprinkled throughout foreign countries, Guam, Guantnamo Bay, the all-important military base of Diego Garciatook on outsize significance. Acquisition may refer to: . 24 Today, we can add another major form of territorial extension to the story: overseas military bases. Despite his extraordinary career, Albizu doesnt have much of a place in U.S. historiography. Donald M. Seekins, Historical Setting, in Ronald E. Dolan, Philippines: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1991), 41. 31 Over the course of the war, Japan attacked every inhabited Pacific colony that the United States held, and it occupied the Philippines, Guam, Wake, and part of Alaska. 24. 1857-1904 - Other Gains in the Pacific The United States government intervened in other parts of the Pacific at the same time that events played out in the Spanish-American War. 20. 34 Manila, the sixth-largest city in the United States (substantially larger than Boston or Washington, D.C.), was decimated. Relief shown by hachures. Paul Kramer, in his portrait of the United States as a nation-based empire, presents a significantly modified version of the Williams thesis that is skeptical of the clean formal/informal distinction: Power and Connection: Imperial Histories of the United States in the World, American Historical Review 116, no. 27. Soo Sung Cho, Korea in World Politics, 19401950: An Evaluation of American Responsibility (Berkeley, CA, 1967), 23, 34. The United States of America, as a name, was accurate for less than seven weeks. One might think its because U.S. historians are exceptionalists and dont pay attention to empire. 6. HUSH FINAL MAP: US Acquisitions and Annexations :) In other words, if you looked up in late 1945 and saw the stars and stripes waving overhead, it was more likely that you lived in a colony or occupied country than that you lived on the mainland. The United States continued to hold colonies after World War II, hence the Puerto Rican Uprising of 1950 and House shooting of 1954. Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. Mexican Cession. Imperialism in Puerto Rico (Berkeley, CA, 2002); Katherine T. McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest: The U.S. Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico (New Brunswick, NJ, 2002); Noenoe K. Silva, Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2004); Warwick Anderson, Colonial Pathologies: American Tropical Medicine, Race, and Hygiene in the Philippines (Durham, NC, 2006); Paul A. Kramer, The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, and the Philippines (Chapel Hill, NC, 2006); Julian Go, American Empire and the Politics of Meaning Elite Political Cultures and the Philippines and Puerto Rico during U.S. Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2008); Julie Greene, The Canal Builders: Making Americas Empire at the Panama Canal (New York, 2009); Jana K. Lipman, Guantnamo: A Working-Class History between Empire and Revolution (Berkeley, CA, 2009); Alfred W. McCoy, Policing Americas Empire: The United States, the Philippines and the Rise of the Surveillance State (Madison, WI, 2009); Anne L. Foster, Projections of Power: The United States and Europe in Colonial Southeast Asia (Durham, NC, 2010); Lanny Thompson, Imperial Archipelago: Representation and Rule in the Insular Territories under U.S. Dominion after 1898 (Honolulu, HI, 2010); and Julian Go, Patterns of Empire: The British and American Empires, 1688 to the Present (Cambridge, 2011). 12. The tacit assumption is that the empire didnt matter for what came next. Though the overseas basing system shrank considerably in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the United States held onto hundreds of bases. For a widely read recent articulation of the Williams thesis that the United States has pursued imperialism by other means, see Richard H. Immerman, Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz (Princeton, NJ, 2010). Palin herself twice attended Alaska Independence Party conventions. Gadsden Purchase. Who was Gregorio Cortez and what happened to him. 1. The historical literature on bases is growing quickly, with an especially tight focus on the tense relationships between bases and their surrounding areas. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. The Territory of the United States, 1845-1886 A map from 1886 of the United States showing the territories ceded by Mexico and the acquisition of Alaska. 3 0 obj The history of American expansion and the story of our new possessions. Texas.
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