Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. B red blood cells. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. anaphylactic Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except? It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? True ##Qmv&,! a vaccination. They are both forms of active immunity. Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? the . 23. Nb['hm These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. 35 Questions Show answers Question 1 10 seconds Q. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. *Monocytes become macrophages once they enter the tissues. what is the function of human lymphatic system? - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? nonspecific Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? (b) How do they differ? Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: True tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and . all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? Uploaded By AndreaM8. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. They are both forms of neutral immunity. "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. 28. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? eosinophils and basophils causing them to burst. The principal reason the company ran that ad was to attract attention. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. rheumatoid arthritis P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. True Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? systemic lupus erythematosus The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? Example: The tounsts had an appomtment to meet with their nation's $\overset{\text{consul}}{\cancel{\text{counsel}}}$. Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. 4 0 obj active, passive rheumatoid arthritis True % IgE The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. endobj phagocytosis is involved. macrophages endobj True C Mumps It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. adaptive, innate histamine. does Chronic fatigue syndrome have a cure? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. Definition. False, False damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? IgG The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. false Strep throat is caused by a? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . - B cells - antibodies - T-Cells - inflammation 2 See answers Advertisement *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. TCR a. pathogens Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. B Bacteria The word pathogen can be defined as: a. all microrganisms b. all disease-causing microorganisms c. all insects d. all microscopic particles Definition b. all disease-causing microorganisms Term Which of the following is NOT an example of biohazard? <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> B Mumps and measles *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. ____ 1. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. 6. Automatically remove your image background. Since some bacteria in a biofilm are not actively growing (or are in exponential, or log, phase), they would not be affected by antibiotics. IgD a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. neutrophils Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. IgD TCR, BCR Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? Microorganisms that do not cause disease. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? B. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. Universal response b. If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. False, True False, False Which of the following are most likely to be. B fungus. The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? Symptoms: nausea and migraine. The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? They are both forms of passive immunity. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? False, True They are both forms of an infection. hepatitis - produces protease. ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen. Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. involves chemical barriers to entry. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. 2 0 obj C Intestinal disorders This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. sebaceous secretions helper T cell become plasma cells. False, False Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. innate Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! This should be quickly treated with Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Section: 07.02. D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. True In an employer's exposure control plan, s/he is required to include a category called 'exposure determination'. IgD Noise b. Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? (a) How are these toxins similar? She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens. rheumatic fever Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. You have recently identified a new toxin. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. inactivating their ribosomes. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR 2. answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. -Hand washing In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: - cross blood placenta barrier The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? produces T and B cells. 19. endobj Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. The site-specific document that describes how UNLV complies with the BBP standard is the. Which of the following is a common and serious foodborne pathogen? Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 Section: 07.01. delayed allergic IgG Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? 1. plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR, antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form eqR)BZZt[A *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard?