The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. Images in the news broadcasts concealed his face for legal reasons. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. $156.33. PD-Polish Public Domain. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The second commandant SS-Sturmbannfhrer Paul-Werner Hoppe (August 1942 - January 1945) was apprehended in 1953 in West Germany and later sentenced to nine years imprisonment. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. Former SS guard of Nazi camp, 92, to go on trial in Germany I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Washington, DC 20024-2126 From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. 2023.02.28. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. Stutthof Concentration Camp (Poland) - JewishGen [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. Stutthof Trial (April-May 1946) - Jewish Virtual Library On a huge hill in Gdansk, the condemned guards including Jenny-Wanda Barkmann were executed on a huge gallows and it was said that around 200,000 people witnessed the executions of the former concentration camp guards.Join us today as we look at, 'The JUSTIFIED Executions Of The Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp.' As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. The prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. Female Nazi war criminals. Graphic! | Pro Death Penalty.com - ProBoards It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. The EVIL Female Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. Conditions in the camp were brutal. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. View the list of all donors. per adult (price varies by group size) Private transportation to the Stutthof Concentration Camp 4 hour. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Stutthof. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. She died in 1989. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Bruno Dey, a teenager at the time in question, was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. She was 36. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Former SS guard, 94, weeps at testimony of Holocaust survivors Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. The rest were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Stutthof - ID Cards/Oral Histories | Holocaust Encyclopedia These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. 2023 BBC. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Liberation Route Europe Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. The people who did this and all adults who watched it (I notice there are even very young children watching, says a lot about the sort of people perpetrating these disgusting CRIMES) should be tried and punished. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. Numbers []. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. 1. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Dave, A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). 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As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. The fifth trial was held before the court in Toru in 1949. Herta Bothe a camp guard, called "Sadist of Stutthof". [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. Stutthof | Holocaust Encyclopedia At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Ten were sentenced to death. [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. Row of Barracks at Stutthof Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34km (21mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdask) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. All those who worked in it were. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Hitler's Enablers - Part Two - The Camps - Stew Ross Discovers Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom Ex-Nazi camp guard, dies, case against him ends - DW - 02/28/2023 RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death.
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