There is no headline of his dating life and relationships ever broadcasted in the media. In addition, he is a member of the CFA Institute and a Chartered Financial Analyst. Council of Economic Advisers Member Heather Boushey spoke with Bloomberg's Tom Keene about the messaging for high gas prices. In the year 2010, Keene began anchoring the television programSurveillance Midday, covering daily business news from Wall Street and since June 2012, the television programBloomberg SurveillancewithFrancine Lacqua weekday mornings on Bloomberg Television. With his new identity in place, Christof Mannheim, Tom disguises himself as a Neo-Nazi, shaving his hair down to a crew cut and covering his body with Nazi-related tattoos, including the text Deutschland fr die Deutschen (Germany for the Germans) and Schutzstaffel (SS) bolts on his neck. ; Lisa has over 130,000 followers on Twitter, where she frequently tweets her expertise in the world of finance . Underneath, she finds a compartment in her wood floor, and in the compartment is a box, containing multiple fake passports all with Tom's picture on them. Ian Garvey, Sutton Ross (Ghost) In the year 2006, he graduated. Tom is working as an editor in Bloomberg news. The Top 10 Elizabeth Keen Blacklist Facts You Should Know. Tom married first name Keene (born McIvor) on month day 1970, at age 30 at marriage place, Texas. He attended the Columbia University and also got enrolled at the Carnegie Tech. Although he went out like a warrior by protecting Liz, it sucked that the writers had the identity of Red tied to it. As of now, he serves as the host of Bloomberg Surveillance on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television, and Bloomberg Podcasts. Raymond Reddington (played by James Spader) hired Tom when he was an adult to watch over Liz and keep her safe. The California native graduated from the prestigious theater arts department from the University of Southern California in 2006, and earned recurring roles on popular programs like, Eggold became known for his series regular role as the sex education teacher Ryan Matthews in The CWs, from 2008-2011. Tom tells them he knows someone in Salzburg who can help, but the senior member isn't willing to try since Tom is a very fresh recruit. Lucy replies with, Wrong answer, Liz is not your wife, she's your target, thus prompting Tom to reveal his true nature by talking about Them, the company he works for. What shot him to fame was The Blacklist and New Amsterdam. Please list below 3 key messages of . Toms net worth is $1.5 Million. Not much is known about the early life of darkly handsome "B" cowboy actor Tom Keene, who was born George Duryea on December 30, 1896, in Rochester, New York. Other than professional life, his results are also an important aspect to talk about. A: Zamani probably surprised Tom and he was armed with a gun. His mother mentioned it has been 28 years since his disappearance, which makes him 31 years old by the event of "Susan Hargrave". After a faked death in an earlier season, the 5th season was officially his last. Red is forced to tell Liz that Tom is dead. His father was also working as a television personality and his mother was a gardener. Fully in character, he goes to a bar and picks a fight with a large customer, eventually knocking him down. While he accepted the job initially with no romantic feelings towards Liz, he later admits to having genuinely fallen in love with her during their marriage. He is of American nationality and belongs to the white ethnicity. He is later seen drinking at the bar, fiddling with his wedding ring. He wakes up in hospital while Liz is at his bedside. The two of them live together in their apartment and appear to be very much in love. Later, the Germans are seen torturing Tom. published March 01, 2021. Bone was born on April 29, 1983 in Petoskey, Michigan.
Quick Answer: What Happened To Tom Keen - BikeHike He could have easily killed Zamani and hidden the body. It is known that Tom had married, had a spouse named Grace Stafford but did not have children. The married couple hasn't been together since the middle of last season.
Tom Keene - Net Worth, Salary, Age, Height, Weight, Bio, Family, Career Deceased Ressler then tells Tom that he will arrest him eventually. He reminds Liz that they are hosting a baby shower that evening. Other than the acting, Ryan loves to travel around the world. Red and.
'The Blacklist' season 3, episode 17 review: Did Liz and Tom actually Four Classic Movie Actors You Didn't Know Were Gay Tom is hosting programs called Bloomberg Surveillance both within radio and television of Bloomberg. As part of his cover, Phelps took the identity of Thomas Vincent Keen and started working as a fourth grade teacher. The Untold Truth About TWICE Member - Kim Dahyun. It was a short movie, but it did provide the required experience for the man. Brian Benben Dream On, Bio, Career, Wife, Net Worth >>, Mark Tuan Age, Height, Tattoo, GOT7, Merch, Net Worth, Instagram >>, Ahn Jae Hyun Age, Dramas, Wife, Divorce, Child, Net Worth, Instagram >>. After arguing with Liz, he escapes and tells Liz that Red is using her for his own ends. Lucy starts giggling and Tom begins to question his previous and current actions. After being kidnapped, Tom is stabbed in the abdomen in an attempt to murder him and then Liz.
The Blacklist: Most Shocking Moments From The Show, Ranked - ScreenRant Tom's technical oversight and budgeting experience make him qualified to effectively serve and uplift our communities for all residents, well into the future. When Liz returns home she finds Tom tied to a chair. Tom helps by killing the Russian that previously bothered Sutton. It was implied that Zamani knew what he was doing. Tom then reveals that he only married Liz because the company ordered him to. Tom ultimately dies of his injuries while Liz enters a coma. Tom and Asher are captured by the crime syndicate due to Tom killing their collector in the previous episode and they are forced to fight each other to the death. Eggold's Tom Keen was the husband of Boone's Elizabeth Keen. In Liz's dream he attacks her when she confronts him about the box, but in real life he tells her that he has booked an ultrasound scan with the mother of their child. He is sent to Germany to infiltrate Die Entrechteten (German for the disenfranchised), a white supremacist drug cartel based in Dresden. However, Thomas Connolly appears and orders the indictment stopped, saying the judge has no authority at the federal level. When Liz arrives home from work, he has recreated the scene from their first night in the house as a date night. Tom is 69 years old born on December 9, 1952, in New York City, in the USA. Daughter Madison Camille Russ And Net WorthContinue, Get ready to be astounded by Curtis Hamilton amazing talent and charisma! He tells Liz the identity of Berlin's weapons dealer. 2034. They watch the news report together and Elizabeth apologizes for Tom's loss and the questions he will never get answered about his past now that his father is dead. There is no information that says that he ever had a girlfriend. Tom has been married to Laura Keen for 32 years. Albert tells Tom to find Oleander then dies. At about the same time she joined the FBI, she met Tom Keen and later married him, taking his . Eggold became known for his series regular role as the sex education teacher Ryan Matthews in The CWs 90210 from 2008-2011. The Bloomberg Surveillance show airs from 5 am to 7 am on weekdays at Bloomberg Television and then from 7 am to 10 am on Bloomberg Radio, worldwide. After Liz has delivered her bombshell, he spends time with Lucy Brooks. Business Insider staff have met him in person before, but only . Tom has been married to Laura Keen for 32 years. Or is he just lonely and trying to have some fun? Not only in the past, but there are some recent works too. He and Liz eventually married and made plans to adopt a child. She likes reading e-magazines, interested in pop culture. Occupation (s) Radio & TV personality, Television host, Editor. The pleasant smile aids the good looking face along with the tall height without a doubt. Once the honorary mayor of Sherman Oaks, California (1939). Weight in KG. He was born in New York City, United States of America. Being born in a middle-class family, his childhood was a ride. What began as a dangerous assassin posing as a school teacher and husband to FBI . One thing is sure though, Ryan is neither married nor engaged. Tom's Death. Join the Scoundrel Game Labs Mailing List. This shows the keen interest to make it big in the acting periphery. He was also into the programs conducted by The London School of Economic and Political Science and spent some of his moments over there. Pilot We have estimated Tom Keene's net worth , money, salary, income, and assets. Alongside Tom, pianist Tim Rice-Oxley, drummer Richard Hughes and guitarist Jesse Quin make up the four . Ryan Eggold might play a married man on Blacklist but in real life, he is as single as they come. The rumor was shared by a popular and trusted gossip site, who claims tthe couple is planning to get married this summer. Ryan is just starting his legacy, and to take the name far and wide, he must have the backup from the fans. Before getting married, Lisa's husband, a huge baseball fan, had her read the 2003 novel Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game, by Michael Lewis. LAdigitalPhoto is also the only photographer recommended at The Bonaventure Hotel Downtown Los Angeles and La Caada Thursday Club and a preferred photographer at the La Caada Country Club, Callaway Winery in Temecula and at the Loews Regency Hotel in San Francisco. 1900 census takers worksheet - James Duyrea [sic] (occupation "farmer") and wife Mary have been married for 11 years; two children have been born and both are living. Tom holds up his hands and states to him, We need to talk. Sons of the Forest Arm Door | How to Open, The sweet and unassuming Tom Keen began his career on. His other appearances include acting in films like Tolable David, Sundown Trial, and the cla s sic depression related movie Our Daily Bread.
Tom Keen for Florida House - Tom Keen for Florida House He provides an economic and also investment perspective to Bloomberg's various news divisions. Unfortunately, Tom is no longer a character on the show. Moreover, he is a member of the CFA Institute and a Chartered Financial Analyst as well as The Economic Club of New York. He then decides to go to Lucy's room and tells her that he cannot have an affair with her because he loves his wife, Elizabeth Keen. The Germans, left without options, ask Tom about his contact. The couple was happily married for 54 years . As of early 2019, Tom Keene's net worth is estimated to be around $1 million. Below are ten facts about Tom Keen, in no particular order. An actress from a young age, Boone had a number of small roles in tv shows and movies like Sex and the City 2 .
Tom Keene Net Worth, Salary, Wiki, Married, Bio, Family, Career, Fact Tom is not clearly seen on the social sites and he has maintained a low profile within. Though actor Ryan Eggolds most notable role might be his character on The Blacklist, the 35-year-old actor has a long and impressive list of film and television credits behind him. Other than professional life, his results are also an important aspect to talk about. Tom Sizemore 's kids issued a heartbreaking plea on social media as their dad remains in a critical condition following an aneurysm.. As the Saving Private Ryan star's family weigh up the . His pictures are rarely seen and he has few posts on Twitter. He takes the call from Liz's aunt saying how sick Liz's father is and, because Liz is unable to leave, flies to Nebraska to see her father. He is also a member of the CFA Institute and a Chartered Financial Analyst as well as The Economic Club of New York. Ryan Eggold, AKA Tom Keen is an actor who did great work in The Blacklist, and success has leaped. He's not only lying to Liz about the suitcase and the circumstances around Nik's death, now Reddington knows that Tom is some how connected to it all. After he and Liz fight over the adoption, he goes to Orlando, alone, since he believes they should spend time apart. The Major pulls up in a car, saying that Tom's passport has been flagged and instructs him to get in the car. However, he arrived in Hollywood in the late 1920s after college studies at Columbia and Carnegie Tech and immediately made some impact as the lead of The Godless . He currently co-anchor "Bloomberg Surveillance" on Bloomberg Television, weekdays from 5-7 am ET and on Bloomberg Radio from 7-10 am ET. RELATED: 15 Of Netflix's Most Addictive Original Series Tom Keen was a main character in the NBC series The Blacklist and a protagonist in the other NBC series The Blacklist: Redemption. The Major says Tom burned himself for Reddington and went to the Feds for the girl, Liz. Tom Keene isa television host, editor, and radio personality. He probably was done with acting career and wanted to focus more on his personal life and hence got retired at a young age. To protect himself and to remain with Elizabeth, Jacob went to Milos Kirchoff and the Major reassigned Jacob's contract to Milos when he offered to double Red's original price. Youve been warned! His work has been highly selective after that. Between his college studies, Tom married his high school sweetheart and the love of his life, Kelly Todd. In May 2008, she made it to the third place of Glimmer Train's "Short Story Award for New Writers" writing contest. Tom Keen is a decorated 21-year military veteran, a former Naval Flight Officer, and successful businessman in the high-tech aerospace training and simulation industry. As the Major goes to pull the trigger, another car crashes into theirs, it's the Germans.
Does Liz Keen die in The Blacklist? Megan Boone's departure - HITC Liz explains to the hallucination how she uncovered the truth behind what is in the duffle bag, the bones of the true Raymond Reddington. He and Liz discuss remodelling their house to erase the bad memories of the past few weeks. In lieu of his crazy and tumultuous upbringing, Tom is at heart a pretty simple guy. Some of them are Bloom, First Dates, Queen, Trophy Kids, B-Side, Lucky Them, Lovesong, etc. Why was Tom captured by Zamani? Though that flash forward seemed to indicate . She gets angry and starts to peel the carpet off. Status She gets pregnant by him and he repeatedly asks her to marry him.
Biography, net worth How rich is Muhammad Ali's ex-wife Veronica Porch Dabbled in real estate in between shooting pictures. Tom Keene is the host of Bloomberg Surveillance, which can be heard on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television, and Bloomberg Podcasts. His zodiac sign falls under Leo, which suggests the fact that he is humourous and confident at the same time. The London School of Economics and Political Science, "This Is What It's Like To Spend A Day In The Life Of Bloomberg's Tom Keene", "Bloomberg Radio: The World Leader in Business News", "Daily Programming Line-Up Starting Monday", "EconoChat: Tom Keene's thoughts on global economics, finance, and investment", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Keene_(radio_host)&oldid=1133978332, American business and financial journalists, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 11:55. Tom is 69 years old and holds his birthday on December 9. Unfortunately for Tom, Reddington has . Ryan Eggold Why does the top of Tom's escape box have a carving of the burn scar on Liz's hand? Veronica Mars, The Young and the Restless, Dirt, 90210, Sons of Liberty, etc., are examples. The 5 Best Cantrips in D&D 5E | Best Cantrips 5E Ranked, The Blacklist: Ten Things Every Fan Should Know About Donald Ressler.
In The Blacklist, do Elizabeth and Ressler ever get together - Quora As The Blacklist had teased in that grim premiere flash forward, Tom ( Ryan Eggold) did indeed die during the fall finale. In real life, he's been pretty open and honest about his relationship status. He is a man of above-average stature. Currently, he is active in his working for Bloomberg Surveillance. Actor: Plan 9 from Outer Space. Married. He is a host of Bloomberg Surveillance on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television and Bloomberg Podcasts. He died of cancer on the year 1963 and is still . As Zamani told Red: I paid him a visit like you asked. . A legendary actor, his was liked and respected by his fans of the time that probably exist in this world no more. Balad. Thomas Ross Keene. However, that seemingly normal visage shattered almost immediately, furthering the shows motif that everything and everyone is not always what they seem. So, how much is Tom Keene worth at the age of 67 years old? His salary and his net worth too are hidden affairs which will probably not be disclosed to the public anytime soon. So stick with us till the end of digging in. But first, some quick facts surely help the search. Tom is hosting programs called Bloomberg Surveillance both within radio and television of Bloomberg. Though it can be tricky to navigate all the different twists and turns the writers of the show have for all their characters and stories, we at Nerds & Scoundrels have compiled a list of ten of the most important facts you should know about this character. A: To maintain his cover, he could not be sure how much Red knew and the disappearance of Zamani would have confirmed Red's suspicions. Red warns Tom that any answers Scottie gives Tom about who he was cannot be trusted.
Who is Tom Keene dating? Tom Keene girlfriend, wife He moved on the television in the late 1950s appearing on The Range Rider, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, Buffalo Bil, Judge Roy Bean, Fury, Jr. and many more. The Role of Liz is Played by Megan Boone. Sons of the Forest: What to do at the Grave? Susanna" 1848 - uncredited, performer: "Sweet Little Mountain Rose", "At the End of the Trail" 1931, "Roaming Rovers". Job . Zamani easily captured Liz by waiting. However, they fail to capture Andropov. Tom married his high school sweetheart Judy (Johnson) Keene on May 6, 1966. When Reddington calls Liz, Tom tells her not to answer and then asks her to call him Jacob; his real name. He calls Liz and goes to the adoption meeting alone. John Furman, Highway Patrol Inspector (as Richard Powers), Crossroad Avenger: The Adventures of the Tucson Kid, 'The Youngers': Jim Younger (as Richard Powers), Hal Schaeffer, Robbery Detail (as Richard Powers), Joe - Fingerprint Man (as Richard Powers), Marshal Tom Evans Posing as Ed 'Trigger' Jones, Bob Hathaway - The Boy (as George Duryea), performer: "Oh! Thomas Ross Keene (born December 9, 1952) is an American journalist and Chartered Financial Analyst. Tom serves as the host of Bloomberg Surveillance on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television, and Bloomberg Podcasts. He and Liz watch a sonogram of the baby they intend to adopt, and discuss their plans and check that they have all the accessories needed. The only reason he actually married her was because he really loved her (his original mission was just to be a friend). One of the members says Kohl is too conspicuous, but a senior member tells him that he is the only one they can go to since it isn't safe to do arms dealing across the German border. Tom Keene was born Thomas Ross Keene on 1952, December 9, and is 66 years old as of early 2019. A: In spycraft the go bag is always kept in a place where the owner has easy access to and can easily keep track of. Blacklist fans were shocked when Tom Keen, a character played by Ryan, was surprisingly killed, discontinuing him from the series. So stick with us till the end of digging in. Before he does, he tells Liz that he knows what today is and to have fun at Wing Yee for her birthday. Tom Keene was born on December 9, 1952, as Thomas Ross "Tom" Keene.
twitter.com I am the luckiest guy on Wall Street.". As a foster child by the name of Jacob Phelps, he was a petty thief who was eventually recruited at a young age by an underground spy trainer known as the Major in 1994. He is active in both broadcastings of radio and television over the network. Where is Juanita Vanoy today? After Liz leaves (to raid Eric Trettel's laboratory) Lucy flirts with Tom and invites him to a photography exhibition. No matter how you felt about Tom Keen, his death had to leave a sour taste in your mouth. As an adult, he was hired by Raymond Reddington to keep an eye on Elizabeth Keen, however Jacob got romantically involved with Elizabeth which led Reddington to fire him.
Tom Keene Net Worth 2023: Wiki Bio, Married, Dating, Family, Height MGM.
The Blacklist bosses on Tom's fate, shocking time jump Jan 31, 2013, 12:57 PM. As a foster child by the . On the show, he plays Tom Keene, married to Elizabeth Keene. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022.
'The Blacklist': Ryan Eggold Really Didn't Want to Play Tom Keen Tom is Elizabeth Liz Keens (played by Megan Boone) husband, who hes been married to since the start of the series. Ryan has been part of the acting world for just over a decade now, but the achievements are pretty commendable. Ryan has been part of the acting world for just over a decade now, but the achievements are pretty commendable. Tom tells Liz that although he went to Nebraska, he did not attend the job interview. [5] In 2010, Keene began anchoring the television program Surveillance Midday, covering daily business news from Wall Street and since June 2012, the television program Bloomberg Surveillance with Francine Lacqua, weekday mornings on Bloomberg Television.
Obituary | Thomas (Tom) A. Keene | Wilson - Griffin Funeral Homes Despite his injuries, Tom fights back in an attempt to save himself and Liz. How and when did Elizabeth Keen capture Tom? He is a host of Bloomberg Surveillance on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television and Bloomberg Podcasts. He was born to his loving and supportive parents in New York City, United States. Other than acting in movies, Eggold is also known for the series achievements. A: Only if he had reason to suspect that there was evidence left at the crime scene. He later reveals to Cooper that being exposed was part of his plan. Learn More. The Blacklist certainly became a smash prime time hit, but not all the cast members were eager to be a part of the series in the beginning. A: She shot him twice and captured him while wounded. He was a key . Sort by. At the hospital, Tom flatlines while a neurosurgeon is called for Liz. He certainly was never surrounded with rumors of being a gay or a bisexual and was probably single as far as the news of the tabloids is concerned. Your email address will not be published. A: He started to suspect that Liz has gotten closer to the truth and his behavior in the last few episodes showed it. Even though it looks like Tom is really dead on The Blacklist, we will still see him in other projects this year, "I'm doing a great film with Spike Lee called The Black Klansman, that is a true story about this cop named Ron Stallworth, who ended up infiltrating the KKK in the '70s, so I'm shooting that now. Later, Tom is seen re-watching the news report of the plane crash. Tom Keene. Tom tells Elizabeth he is unbothered by the event and cares only about his present and future with his wife and daughter. Tom returns home to Liz after receiving a suitcase full of bones. Tom is working as an editor in Bloomberg news.
Tom Keene, Texas (33 matches): Phone Number, Email, Address - Spokeo However, he did arrive in Hollywood in the late 1920s after college studies at Columbia and Carnegie Tech and immediately made an impact as the leading man of the silent films The Godless. This debut also came in the year 2006 with Related and went on and on. He is also the anchor of "Bloomberg Markets: The Open" on Bloomberg Television, weekdays from 9-10am ET and the weekly program "Bloomberg Real Yield", Fridays from 12-12:30pm ET. Tom researches his disappearance as a child using press coverage of Christopher Hargrave's disappearance. And even though the budding romance between Elizabeth Keen and David Kessler might be a meaty replacement, there's no denying the chemistry that Megan Boone shared with Ryan Eggold as Liz and Tom. Liz mentions Tom in her cover story to Linus Creel. After he kills Eugene and Liz shoots Samuel in the foot, he tells her that she should call Kathryn Nemec. There has been no information regarding who his parents were. Christopher Hargrave A: It could be that Reddington already knows that Tom now works for his enemy who is later revealed to be Berlin. Similar was not the case since the start. Actor(s) This brought some agony in Eggolds personal life. As of early 2019, Tom Keene's net worth is estimated to be around $1 million. Tom goes to his primary employer, The Major, whom he addresses as Bud, and asks for another assignment, any kind. (. She could confront him and see him deny it, or she could look up the gun in the system and have Tom arrested.
Tom Keene Bio - married, affair, salary, net worth, spouse, and children During the meeting he kills 3 men (1 indirectly) and captures Karakurt. At the beginning of the episode, he is seen in a flashback being held hostage by Liz, and is being transported in a car to Ellie. After the death of Sutton Ross, Liz visits Tom's grave where she is visited by a hallucination of Tom. Tom Keene Net Worth. As Tom is being strangled to death, Red arrives with Dembe and shoots all of the men in the room.
Not Even The Blacklist's Writers Can Agree About A Liz And Ressler Why did Tom keep the weapon used to kill the FSB agent? He was born on December 9, 1952, in New York City, United States. Despite this, Red rushes Tom to the hospital with the help of a police escort arranged by Samar. SKOWHEGAN - Winton T. "Tom" Keene Jr., 66, passed away peacefully on Nov. 23, 2020 at Redington-Fairview General Hospital after courageously battling COVID19. After the death of her parents, Agnes's living relatives are Katarina . Tom earns a lot of money from his professional journalism career. Spoilers forthcoming! The star of The Blacklist, Megan Boone plays lead character Elizabeth Keen. Casey DeSantis says Ron looked like Tom Cruise in his white Navy uniform when then got married at Disney: Florida's First Family says venue was an 'ironic' choice Daughter Madison Camille Russ And Net Worth, Yes, Curtis Hamilton Is Gay- Meet Him At The Real Friends of WeHo, Daniel Sunjata : Career, Net Worth & Wife. He calls Dembe and arranges a meeting with Reddington.
Saving Private Ryan's Tom Sizemore's sons share heartbreaking plea for A: Zamani was far too skillful to have killed Tom, without Reddington's permission. In addition to his work on "Bloomberg Surveillance," Keene provides economic and investment perspective to Bloomberg Television and to Bloomberg's .
Tom Keene Is Really Tall - Business Insider If so, dont forget to let us know in the comments! Actor Tom Keene was a legendary personality who was known best for his roles in B Westerns. At the engagment party Sutton is bothered by a Russian man demanding money and Tom convinces him to leave. . He played a role in the cult film Plan 9 from Outer Space, which proved to be his last film. His accident prevented him from serving during the War. The story flashes forward 10 months ahead, when Liz finally wakes up from her coma, only to hear from Raymond that Tom has died. We hope that the award of the new plan will also find the way. Check out the top ten Tom Keen facts every fan of The Blacklist should know! Why did he not call the FBI and alert them when Liz asked him to? Yet Sutton took a interest in him and Tom followed his lead after asking him what was around there. Ryan Eggold was already a familiar face on NBC before he signed on as star of medical drama New Amsterdam, thanks to his role as Tom Keen on The Blacklist. Liz is upset and heartbroken by this revelation, obviously. He was also into the programs conducted by The London School of Economics and Political Science and spent some of his moments over there. However, because he wanted to remain with Liz, Tom found a way to make it work by making a deal with KGB Colonel Miles Kirchoff.