Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Nair and Rao Bahadur Thygaraya Chetty released the Non-Brahmin Manifesto[66] and helped to form the Justice Party, an organization that sought to reduce Brahmin domination of the civil service. Later, South Indian Liberal Federation was adopted as its official name. [183], Tamil Nadu is one of the highly industrialised states in India. Acchchutakalaba is likely the last Kalabhra king —K.A.N. [110] The analysis of primary school education in the state by Pratham shows a low drop-off rate but the poor quality of state education compared to other states. This includes 1,559 species of medicinal plants, 533 endemic species, 260 species of wild relatives of cultivated plants and 230 red-listed species. Contents. Ennore Port handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. Among states in India, Tamil Nadu is one of the leaders in livestock, poultry, and fisheries production. Read more about Bath fittings firm Watertec to set up plants in Gujarat, Odisha, Tamil Nadu on Business Standard. The ATP Chennai Open tournament is held in Chennai every January. Major national and global IT companies such as Atos Syntel, Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies, Tata Consultancy Services, Verizon, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, Amazon.com, Capgemini, CGI, PayPal, IBM, NTT DATA, Accenture, Ramco Systems, Robert Bosch GmbH, DXC Technology, Cognizant, Tech Mahindra, Virtusa, LTI, Mphasis, Mindtree, Zoho, and many others have offices in Tamil Nadu. The World Bank is currently assisting the state in reducing poverty, high drop-out and low completion of secondary schools continue to hinder the quality of training in the population. The centenary old Pamban Bridge over sea connecting Rameswaram in Pamban island to the mainland is an engineering marvel. [233] It also accommodates sporting events, both at the domestic and international level, organised by other sports associations at its venues. [58] They formed a coalition with Dheeran Chinnamalai and Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja which fought the British in Second Polygar Wars. 2. [71] Tamil Nadu is divided into seven agro-climatic zones: northeast, northwest, west, southern, high rainfall, high altitude hilly, and Kaveri Delta (the most fertile agricultural zone). This infrastructure would also benefit all the government departments, entrepreneurs and individual homes. According to the 2011 Census, Tamil Nadu is the most urbanised state in India (49 per cent), accounting for 9.6 per cent of the urban population while only comprising 6 per cent of India's total population. [69] Pamban Island and a group of smaller limestone shoals make up the northern portion of Adam's Bridge, which was formerly a natural bridge linking India with Sri Lanka. [165] Annual food grains production in the year 2007–08 was 10035,000 mt. Introduction. On the third day, Maattu Pongal is meant to offer thanks to the cattle, as they provide milk and are used to plough the lands. Road transport is provided by state owned Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation and State Express Transport Corporation. Tamil Nadu was one of the first of British settlements in India. Single screen theatres may charge a maximum of ₹50, while theatres with more than three screens may charge a maximum of ₹120 per ticket. The granite gopuram (tower) of Brihadisvara Temple, 1010 CE, Airavatesvara Temple built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE, The pyramidal structure above the sanctum at Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Brihadisvara Temple Entrance Gopurams at Thanjavur. Among the 3000 and more plant species found in Tamil Nadu, majority of them are found in the mixed … Tamil Nadu is served by an extensive road network, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market-places and rural areas. Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu gets big infra boost before poll Tamil Nadu Supreme Court to examine plea against T.N.’s 69% quota in colleges, govt. of Environment edition, in English After the fall of Kingdom of Mysore, the British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai, then known as Madras, as a metropolitan city. The land was fertile, and people pursued different occupations depending on what regions they were in. [109] Tamil Nadu has performed reasonably well in terms of literacy growth during the decade 2001–2011. Tamil Nadu now has 69 per cent reservation in educational institutions for socially backward sections of society, the highest among all Indian states. The Pudukkottai kingdom has the distinction of being the only princely state in Tamil Nadu, and only became part of the Indian union in 1948 after independence.[59]. Coimbatore is also referred to as "the Pump City" as it supplies two-thirds of India's requirements of motors and pumps. Nirupama Vaidyanathan, the first Indian women to play in a grand slam tournament also hails from the state. The top engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu have been a major recruiting hub for the IT firms. Over 11% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Tamil Nadu. [31], Ancient Tamil Nadu contained three monarchical states, headed by kings called Vendhar and several tribal chieftaincies, headed by the chiefs called by the general denomination Vel or Velir. The YMCA College of Physical Education at Nandanam in Chennai was established in 1920 and was the first college for physical education in Asia. Sashtri, A History of South India, pp 109–112, 'There were three levels of redistribution corresponding to the three categories of chieftains, namely: the Ventar, Velir and Kilar in descending order. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. The DMK decided to enter politics in 1956. Tamil Nadu is known for its rich tradition of literature, art, music and dance which continue to flourish today. Ramachandran Central Railway Station is the gateway for trains towards the north whereas Chennai Egmore serves as the gateway for the south. Common plant species include the state tree: Palmyra Palm, Eucalyptus, Rubber, Cinchona, Clumping Bamboos (Bambusa Arundinacea), Common teak, Anogeissus latifolia, Indian Laurel, Grewia, and blooming trees like Indian labumusum, Ardisia, and Solanaceae. Almost every part of the state is well connected by buses 24 hours a day. Tamil Nadu is one of the leading producers of banana, flowers, tapioca, mango, coconut, groundnut, coffee, tea and sugarcane. Rajaraja Chola conquered all of peninsular South India and parts of Sri Lanka. Some of the notable educational institutes present in Tamil Nadu are Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Presidency College, Chennai, Anna University, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, College of Engineering, Guindy, Madras Institute of Technology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Tamil Nadu National Law University, Government Law College, Coimbatore, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Madras Medical College, Stanley Medical College, Madras Veterinary College, University of Madras, Vellore Institute of Technology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore Medical College and Institute of Road and Transport Technology. This information’s were gathered at the time of field study from various local inhabitants, viz., vaidyas. Sacred with striking lakes and waterfalls mending down the valleys, wonderful fauna and rich flora, Javadi is a stunning hill station you must include on your Tamil Nadu tour. [citation needed], Tamil Nadu has three major seaports located at Chennai, Ennore and Thoothukudi, as well as seven other minor ports including Cuddalore and Nagapattinam. Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. [219] The traditional sports of Tamil Nadu include Silambam,[220] a Tamil martial arts played with a long bamboo staff, cockfight, Jallikattu,[221] a bull taming sport famous on festival occasions, ox-wagon racing known as Rekkala,[222][220] kite flying also known as Pattam viduthal,[221] Goli, the game with marbles,[221] Aadu Puli, the "goat and tiger" game[221] and Kabaddi also known as Sadugudu. land of the Dravidians) during discussions of the partition of India. Preface. [61][62] The British crown took over the control governance from the company and the remainder of the 19th century did not witness any native resistance until the beginning of 20th century Indian Independence movements. A flora may cover any suitable area from a small above facts in mind, here an attempt is made to study the patch of forest to a Taluk, City, District, State, Country or even a Angiospermic flora of Chinnakasampatty range (Eastern Ghats) in Continent. During this final day, Kaanum Pongal – the word kaanum, means 'to view' in Tamil. Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for the Tamil language, the Tolkāppiyam.Modern Tamil is largely based on the 13th-century grammar book Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam, with some modifications. Dt. Software exports from Tamil Nadu grew from ₹76 billion ($1.6 billion) in 2003–04 to ₹207 billion {$5 billion} by 2006–07 according to NASSCOM[188] and to ₹366 billion in 2008–09 which shows 29 per cent growth in software exports according to STPI. Tamil Nadu is mostly dependent on monsoon rains and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. Loco sheds are located at Erode, Arakkonam, Royapuram in Chennai and Tondaiyarpet in Chennai, Ponmalai (GOC) in Tiruchirappalli as Diesel Loco Shed. “The whole fauna of human fantasies, their marine vegetation, drifts and luxuriates in the dimly lit zones of human activity, as though plaiting thick tresses of darkness. The Department of Environment was created in 1995 as the Nodal Department for dealing with environmental management of the State. The Flora of Presidency of Madras and The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic were used to ascertain the nomenclature. Ltd", "Youth Welfare & Sports Development Department", "Sports development authority of Tamil Nadu, Chennai 600 084", "Great Living Chola Temples – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", The Official Site of the Government of Tamil Nadu, Official Tourism Site of Tamil Nadu, India, Autonomous administrative divisions of India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Nadu&oldid=1006047260#Flora_and_fauna, States and territories established in 1950, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Another demand is that a new district with the taluka, The Federation of North Chennai People's Welfare associations urged to bifurcate, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 19:17. Ventar were the chieftains of the three major lineages, viz Cera, Cola and Pandya. Tamil Nadu is one of the states where law and order has been maintained largely successfully. 48.4 per cent of the state's population lives in urban areas, the third-highest percentage among large states in India. Ramachandran1* 'Taxonomy and Floristic Laboratory, Department of Botany. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Mukurthi National Park and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are the tiger reserves in the state. [129] Notable example of Tamil poetry include the Tirukkural written by Tiruvalluvar. Convolvulaceae Description Herbs annual, twining or prostrate, with ± retrorsely or spreading hispid axial parts. Of 130,058 km2 ( 1,400,000 sq mi ) of Madurai and Nellaiappar Temple at Madurai and Nayaks of leaders... ] Kamuthi Solar power Project was commissioned by Adani power in Kamuthi, Ramanathapuram district, it has total. 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